Maselo a Photovoltaic, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ma cell a solar, yakhala gawo lalikulu pagawo lamphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.Zipangizozi zasintha kwambiri mmene timagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa popanga magetsi.M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za dziko lochititsa chidwi lama cell a photovoltaicndi kufufuza momwe amapangira magetsi.
Pamtima pa cell ya photovoltaic ndi zinthu za semiconductor, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi silicon.Pamene ma photon ochokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa agunda pamwamba pa selo, amasangalatsa maelekitironi omwe ali muzinthuzo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti achoke ku maatomu.Njirayi imatchedwa photovoltaic effect.
Kuti agwiritse ntchito ma elekitironi otulutsidwawa, mabatire amapangidwa kukhala zigawo zosiyanasiyana.Chosanjikiza chapamwamba chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zizitha kuyamwa dzuwa.Pansi pake pali gawo logwira ntchito, lomwe limapangidwa ndi zinthu za semiconductor.Chosanjikiza chapansi, chotchedwa back contact layer, chimathandiza kusonkhanitsa ma elekitironi ndikuwachotsa mu selo.
Kuwala kwa dzuŵa kukaloŵa pamwamba pa selo, kumachititsa chidwi ma elekitironi mu maatomu a zinthu za semiconductor.Ma elekitironi okondwawa amatha kuyenda momasuka mkati mwazinthuzo.Komabe, kuti apange magetsi, ma elekitironi amafunika kuyenda mbali ina yake.
Apa ndi pamene gawo lamagetsi mkati mwa selo limalowa.Zida za semiconductor mu gawo logwira ntchito zimayikidwa ndi zonyansa kuti apange kusamvana kwa ma elekitironi.Izi zimapanga mtengo wabwino kumbali imodzi ya batri ndi kuwononga koyipa mbali inayo.Malire apakati pa zigawo ziwirizi amatchedwa pn junction.
Elekitironi ikasangalatsidwa ndi fotoni ndikuchoka ku atomu yake, imakopeka ndi mbali yabwino ya selo.Pamene ikupita kuderali, imasiya “dzenje” lotsekeredwa bwino m’malo mwake.Kuyenda uku kwa ma electron ndi mabowo kumapanga mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa batri.
Komabe, muufulu wawo, ma elekitironi sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu zida zakunja.Kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo, zolumikizira zachitsulo zimayikidwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa maselo.Ma kondakitala akalumikizidwa ndi ma electron awa, ma electron amayenda mozungulira, ndikupanga magetsi.
Selo limodzi la photovoltaic limapanga magetsi ochepa.Chifukwa chake, ma cell angapo amalumikizidwa palimodzi kuti apange gawo lalikulu lotchedwa solar panel kapena module.Mapanelowa amatha kulumikizidwa motsatizana kapena mofananira kuti awonjezere ma voliyumu ndi kutulutsa kwapano, kutengera zofunikira za dongosolo.
Magetsi akapangidwa, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zida ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.Mu makina omangidwa ndi gridi, magetsi ochulukirapo opangidwa ndi ma solar amatha kubwezeredwa mu gridi, kuthetseratu kufunika kopangira mafuta.M'makina oima okha, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera akutali, magetsi opangidwa amatha kusungidwa m'mabatire kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.
Maselo a Photovoltaicperekani njira yobiriwira, yokhazikika komanso yongowonjezwdwa pazosowa zathu zamagetsi.Iwo ali ndi kuthekera kochepetsera kwambiri kudalira kwathu pamafuta amafuta ndi kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi kupanga magetsi.Pamene teknoloji ikupita patsogolo, tikhoza kuonama cell a photovoltaickukhala ogwira mtima komanso otsika mtengo, kuwapanga kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la mphamvu zathu zam'tsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-27-2023