Mzaka zaposachedwa,mphamvu ya dzuwayalandira chidwi chofala ngati imodzi mwamagwero opatsa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.Ndi nkhawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zakusintha kwanyengo komanso kufunikira kwa njira zina zokhazikika m'malo mwamafuta oyambira pansi,mphamvu ya dzuwawapezeka ngati wokhoza kusintha masewera.Koma kodi ndi mphamvu ya dzuŵa yochuluka bwanji imene tifunikira kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kodi ingakhaledi gwero lalikulu la mphamvu za m’tsogolo?
Dzuwa ndi gwero lamphamvu zambiri, ndipo limatuluka mosalekeza pafupifupi ma terawatts 173,000.mphamvu ya dzuwaku Dziko Lapansi.Ndipotu ola limodzi la kuwala kwadzuwa n’lokwanira kulamulira dziko lonse kwa chaka chimodzi.Komabe, pali zovuta zingapo pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvuzi ndikuzisintha kukhala magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Panopa,mphamvu ya dzuwandi gawo laling'ono chabe la magetsi padziko lapansi.Malinga ndi International Energy Agency, mphamvu ya dzuwaadawerengera 2.7% yokha ya magetsi padziko lonse lapansi mu 2019. Kusiyanaku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa ma solar panels ndi intermittenity ya dzuwa.Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa magetsi a dzuŵa kumathandizanso kwambiri kudziwa mmene mphamvu za dzuŵa zimagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino.Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwaposachedwa, magwiridwe antchito a solar amakhalabe pafupifupi 15-20%.
Komabe, ndi kupita patsogolo kwachangu kwaukadaulo wa dzuwa ndi mitengo yakutsika,mphamvu ya dzuwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala njira yotheka.Mtengo wa magetsi oyendera dzuwa watsika kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi nyumba zambiri komanso mabizinesi.Zotsatira zake, kuyika kwa dzuwa kukupitilizabe, makamaka m'maiko omwe ali ndi ndondomeko zabwino za boma ndi zolimbikitsa.
Kuonjezera apo, kupanga machitidwe osungira mphamvu monga mabatire amathetsa vuto la kuwala kwa dzuwa.Makinawa amatha kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo zomwe zimapangidwa masana ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yadzuwa kapena yopanda dzuwa.Chifukwa chake,mphamvu ya dzuwaikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale kulibe kuwala kwa dzuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azikhala odalirika komanso okhazikika.
Kuthekera kwamphamvu ya dzuwakukhala gwero lalikulu la mphamvu za m'tsogolo mosakayikira n'zabwino.Kuphatikiza pa kukhala gwero zongowonjezwdwa ndi zambiri,mphamvu ya dzuwaili ndi ubwino wambiri wa chilengedwe.Simatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya wa carbon poyerekezera ndi mafuta oyaka.Mphamvu ya dzuwa imakhalanso ndi mwayi wopititsa patsogolo mwayi wopeza mphamvu kumadera akutali komwe ma gridi achikhalidwe sangathe.
Mayiko ambiri azindikira kuthekera kwamphamvu ya dzuwandipo akhazikitsa zolinga zazikulu kuti awonjezere gawo lake pakusakaniza mphamvu.Mwachitsanzo, Germany ikukonzekera kupanga 65% ya magetsi ake kuchokera ku mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, zomwemphamvu ya dzuwaimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.Mofananamo, India ikufuna kupanga 40% ya mphamvu zake kuchokera kuzinthu zowonjezereka pofika 2030, ndikuyang'ana mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Ngakhale mphamvu ya dzuwa ili ndi ubwino wake, kusintha kwathunthu kumphamvu ya dzuwaadzafunika ndalama zambiri mu zomangamanga ndi kafukufuku.Kupanga ma solar amphamvu kwambiri komanso makina osungira mphamvu, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa gridi ndikofunikira.Kuonjezera apo, maboma ndi opanga ndondomeko ayenera kupitiriza kuthandizira kukula kwa dzuwa kudzera muzolimbikitsa zachuma ndi malamulo.
Pomaliza,mphamvu ya dzuwaali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokhala gwero lalikulu lamphamvu mtsogolo.Ndi zokwaniramphamvu ya dzuwakupezeka ndi kupita patsogolo kwa luso laukadaulo ndi zachuma,mphamvu ya dzuwaikukhala njira yowonjezereka yotheka.Komabe, kusintha kwakukulu kumafuna ndalama zokhazikika komanso chithandizo chothana ndi zovuta zomwe zilipo.Kugwirira ntchito limodzi,mphamvu ya dzuwaikhoza kutsegulira njira ya tsogolo labwino, lokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-22-2023