Kukankhira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kwakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha nkhawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zakusintha kwanyengo komanso kufunikira kochepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic ndi gwero lamphamvu lomwe lakopa chidwi kwambiri.Zithunzi za Photovoltais, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa ma solar panel, imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikusintha kukhala magetsi.Koma kodi mbiri yochititsa chidwiyi ndi yotani?
iye mizuma photovoltais Tingayambirenso m’zaka za m’ma 1800, pamene katswiri wa sayansi ya ku France Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel anatulukira mfundo imeneyi.photovoltaickunachitika mu 1839. Becquerel anatulukira kuti zinthu zina zimatulutsa timagetsi tating’onoting’ono tamagetsi tikamayaka.Ngakhale kuti zimene anapeza zinali zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, zinatenga zaka zambiri kuti asayansi ndi akatswiri otulukira zinthu afufuze mokwanira za kuthekera kwa chochitikachi.
Posachedwa kwambiri mpaka 1873, ndipo injiniya wamagetsi waku Britain Willoughby Smith adathandizira kwambiri ma photovoltaics.Smith adapeza kuti mankhwala a selenium ali nawophotovoltaickatundu.Kutulukira kumeneku kunachititsa kuti pakhale ma cell a solar a selenium oyambirira, omwe anali othandiza kwambiri pakusintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi.
ZamakonophotovoltaicNyengo inayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi ntchito ya Albert Einstein, yemwe mafotokozedwe ake a photoelectric effect mu 1905 adayika maziko ofotokozera kumvetsetsa khalidwe la kuwala ndi kubadwa kwa kuwala.photovoltaicmagetsi.Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitso chimenechi n’kosiyanabe ndi zenizeni.
M'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960, kampani yaku America yofufuza ndi chitukuko ya Bell Labs idagulitsa ndalama zambiriphotovoltaicadafufuza ndipo adapita patsogolo kwambiri.Mu 1954, akatswiri a labotale adatulukira njira yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito siliconphotovoltaicselo.Batire idakwanitsa kutembenuza mphamvu pafupifupi 6%, zomwe zikuwonetsa kupambana kwakukulu m'munda.Kafukufuku wotsatira komanso zatsopano zaukadaulo zidakulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndikutsitsa mtengo wopangira m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Kuthamanga kwamlengalenga pakati pa United States ndi Soviet Union pa Cold War kunalimbikitsanso chitukuko chaphotovoltaickupanga mphamvu.Mayiko onsewa amafunikira magwero amphamvu opepuka komanso odalirika a ma satelayiti awo ndi ndege za m’mlengalenga.Zotsatira zake,photovoltaicma cell adakhala ofunikira kwambiri pantchito zamumlengalenga, ndipo Pioneer 1, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1958, inali setilaiti yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma cell adzuwa kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zake.
Mavuto a mafuta m'zaka za m'ma 1970 adakhala chothandizira chitukuko chaphotovoltaickupanga mphamvu.Pamene magwero a mphamvu achikhalidwe akusoŵa komanso okwera mtengo, maboma ndi akatswiri a zachilengedwe akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ngati njira yothetsera vutoli.Perekani zothandizira, ngongole zamisonkho ndi ndalama zofufuzira pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kukwanitsa kwaukadaulo wa solar.Nyengo iyi idatulukira zowerengera zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa, mawotchi, ndi malonda azinthu zazing'ono.
Photovoltaickupanga magetsi kwapita patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 21 chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kuzindikira kowonjezereka kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.Masiku ano ma sola amasiku ano ndiwothandiza kwambiri komanso otsika mtengo kuposa kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale njira yabwino yolandirira anthu ambiri.Maboma padziko lonse lapansi akuika ndalama zambiri m’mapulojekiti akuluakulu adzuwa, ndipo mafamu oyendera dzuwa ndi kuyika padenga ladzuwa zakhala zofala.
Mbiri yakale yama photovoltais onetsani luso ndi kupirira kwa asayansi ndi oyambitsa pazaka zambiri.Photovoltaictekinoloje yafika patali kwambiri kuyambira pomwe idapezeka koyambaphotovoltaiczotsatira pakugwiritsa ntchito ma cell a solar mumlengalenga.Pamene tikuyesetsa kusintha kupita ku tsogolo lokhazikika,ma photovoltaismosakayika atenga gawo lalikulu pakukwaniritsa zosowa zathu zamphamvu pomwe tikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wathu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-30-2023